GEOGRAPHICALIA is a scientific journal that publishes theoretical and applied research manuscripts about different fields of Geography and periphery disciplines. The journal offers a specific research line based on thematic cartography and the cartographic representation of data from a multidisciplinary and multiscale perspective. GEOGRAPHICALIA aims to give visibility and offer solutions to the key global challenges with geographic science and spatial and land planning components. The journal is edited since 1977. The Department of Geography and Land Management at the University of Zaragoza oversees its edition since 1985. The journal is annually published in electronic format with the following ISSN: 2386-3021. Gender equality, the promotion of young researchers, and the scientific dissemination through cartographic and data visualization are the key elements of the editorial line.
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From Geography to Global Geomorphology in Aragon
The evolution of geomorphology in Aragon is presented from the initial studies promoted by foreign scientists. In the sixties of the 20th century Salvador Mensua was able to create from the Department of Geography of the University of Zaragoza a school of geomorphology that still has great relevance through his studies on the relief of semi-arid landscapes, the evolution of structural forms and the development of geomorphological mapping procedures that have had a great influence on Spanish geomorphology. This was largely due to the work of his two main disciples (María Jesús Ibáñez and José Luis Peña Monné) since the 1970s and the subsequent group that was formed since the 1980s. The creation of the chair of Geomorphology in the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Zaragoza, in charge of Mateo Gutiérrez Elorza contributed to the confirmation of a school of growing national and international influence, consolidated with the works of Carlos Sancho Marcén and Francisco Gutiérrez Santolalla. Finally, the emergence of geomorphological studies at the Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC) and its interactions with the two previous groups confirms the great development and impact of geomorphology from university and research centers in Aragon.
Copyright (c) 2024 Geographicalia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessment of agricultural land degradation due to erosion processes by piping from historical landscape reconstruction using automated photogrammetry techniques
Piping erosion is a relatively common process in semiarid areas and has a series of negative effects associated to it, such as the degradation of crop fields. The present work analyses the case of the Aguarales de Valpalmas (Zaragoza), studying the evolution of cultivated areas since mid-twentieth century to the present from a planimetric and volumetric point of view. The application of GIS tools shows changes in their distribution, quantifying a superficial loss of 10% compared to their situation in 1957. On the other hand, the application of automated digital photogrammetry techniques allowed us to reconstruct the historical landscape and the comparison between models, obtaining a loss of soil of about 2,600 m3. This type of study improves magnitude estimation of erosion processes and their effects on agricultural land.
Hydromorphological analysis of ephemeral rivers using remote sensing and machine learning
Ephemeral rivers in the Mediterranean region account for 70% of the river network and this proportion is expected to increase due to climate change. The shortcomings initially existing in the Water Framework Directive, created in 2000 to characterise the environmental status of the river network, have been improved with the incorporation of specific hydrogeomorphological analyses for intermittent rivers. This paper proposes new methodologies to address the hydrogeomorphological characterisation of ephemeral rivers by means of supervised classification, automatic segmentation and data analysis. These methods have been applied in the basins of the Rambla de la Viuda and Rambla de Cervera, which have been affected by aggregate extraction from the 1970s until 2000. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of combining these methodologies to monitor and assist in river management.
Strategies for restoring vegetation cover and improving soil quality in degraded Mediterranean environments.
Dryland sites are facing significant challenges due to ongoing degradation processes. Incorporating organic amendments into ecosystem restoration has proven to be an effective approach for accelerating soil regeneration in these affected areas. Initiatives such as the "Experimental Erosion Measurement Network" and "Soil Recovery and Amendments on the Teatinos Campus" aim to enhance soil quality, promote water infiltration, mitigate erosion, and improve the survival rates of replanting efforts. This research explores the effectiveness of organic amendments in dryland restoration, emphasizing the influence of various types, dosages, and application methods. Key findings include: (a) the impact of amendments on soil properties is highly dependent on their origin; (b) amendments should be used at the lowest effective doses; (c) surface application ("on-top") is the most widely adopted method; and (d) the stability and maturity of the amendments are critical factors that can determine their success or failure.
Zoning avalanche susceptibility in mountain regions using gis: the case of Sierra Nevada (Spain)
Snow avalanches, represent a significant risk in mountainous environments with high tourist influx, such as Sierra Nevada (Spain). This study develops a methodology based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis to identify areas susceptible to avalanche triggering. Key variables such as altitude, slope, land cover, morphology, and accumulation zones were analysed to generate susceptibility maps classified into four levels. The results reveal that areas with the highest susceptibility are concentrated on the slopes of major peaks and regions with intense recreational activity associated with winter sports. This work provides a novel contribution to avalanche knowledge in Sierra Nevada and constitutes a key tool for land management and natural hazard risk reduction.
VOLTURMAC: Strengthening of volcano tourism in Macaronesian Region (Azores, Madeira, Canary And Cape Verde)
The objective of the VOLTURMAC project (MAC2/4.6c/298), funded by the INTERREG VA Spain-Portugal MAC 2014-2020 Territorial Cooperation Program, is to contribute to the strengthening of the conservation, protection, promotion and development of natural and cultural heritage associated with the volcanic phenomenon in Macaronesia through tourism volcano and contribute to the diversification of the tourist offer of the four Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Canary and Cape Verde). To achieve the main objective of this project, nine different activities are proposed and grouped around three main axes: (1) analyze, evaluate and identify the potential of volcano-tourism in Macaronesia; (2) create geo-itineraries and touristic geo-routes that value the natural and cultural resources of the volcanic landscapes of Macaronesia by identifying, selecting, mapping and evaluating geosites, geomorphosites and sites of geotourist interest (SGIs) and (3) promoting and strengthening training on natural and cultural resources linked to the volcanic phenomenon in the tourism.
Geomorphological map of the Bardena Blanca (Navarra, Spain)
The geomorphological map of Bardena Blanca has been prepared from field and cartographic information collected throughout numerous research projects on the geomorphology of Las Bardenas Reales. The main objective is the graphic representation of the morphologies present in the area, classified and ordered chronologically following a standardized legend developed for detailed maps. The map provides morphogenetic and chronostratigraphic data of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits along with their evolutionary interpretation. Knowledge of the influence of climate changes on the geomorphological dynamics of the Bardena Blanca during the Holecene is of great importance to predict regional evolution in the scenario of future climate changes
BIOGEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF TROPICAL MANGROVES: COASTLINE OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI
The objective of the research is to develop a cartography of biogeomorphological units of the Chiriquí mangrove on the Pacific coast of Panama. For its accomplishment, field work has been developed to support the photointerpretation of aerial photos, and classification of satellite images, the results of which have been presented in cartography supported by a Geographic Information System. As a result, a cartography has been developed with a legend of 14 biogeomorphological units, in which a relationship is established between the plant formations and their geomorphological position in the slikkes and schorre formed by the tidal flow. The evolution during the Holocene of the Chiriquí mangrove has given rise to different biogeomorphological units depending on the natural dynamics of the mangrove.
Territorial settlement patterns in the Yotoco and Sonso phases of the Calima cultures, Colombia
The Calima culture is an archaeologically well known pre-Hispanic society of Colombia, but it lacks studies on the layout of its settlements under the approach of territorial organization. This work proposes a methodology based on three development tools: the theory of sociocultural evolution, iconography and ethnohistory. The cultural context is analyzed on the basis of its geographical location, considering environmental aspects, as well as its chronological development and certain relevant sociocultural characteristics. The territory, as a space transformed by human activity, has its own connotations in pre-Hispanic societies that adapted to their living conditions while adapting to it. In these cultures, the absence of physical vestiges of urban structures is shown as a basic problem in their research. It is in this context where the results of the research on the settlement patterns of the Yotoco and Sonso cultures in the Calima region presented in this paper are inserted.
Geoarchaeological map of el Pichao (Tucumán - Argentina)
The application of geomorphological cartography to geoarchaeological studies is of great interest for the construction of evolutionary models that integrate information on landscape changes with human occupations. The use of drones provides a great advantage for the development of this type of cartography. This map offers detailed information on the geomorphological context of the El Pichao archaeological site, the spatial location of the structures that comprise it, the active morphodynamic processes that affect the site, state of conservation of the complex, and contains detailed information for the conservation of the site. It has been established that the area is at serious risk of heritage loss conditioned by the increase in torrentiality of the system and the processes derived from surface runoff and the action of gravity on the present structures.
Dynamics and Territorial Implementation of Spanish Geography Degrees. A Case Study
Within the framework of decreasing enrollment trends in Spanish Geography Degrees, we analyze the one of the University of Zaragoza with data from its 563 new students between the academic years 2010-11 and 2022-2023. After theoretically presenting the issues addressed, we employ simple graphic and cartographic techniques to track the demand at various scales and establish the socioeconomic profile of the Zaragoza districts where 60% of the students reside. The significant weight of the local environment as the origin of the degree's demand, and the spatial scope of its decline, become evident, as well as the intense masculinization of the student’s gender composition. It is also verified that the relative rates of students vary little but positively and significantly with the aging of their districts of origin but inversely, although significantly as well, with income. We conclude by advocating for more comprehensive analyses to support better strategies for promoting our studies.
areas of influence of undergraduate studies
socio-economic profile of Geography students
Several generations have passed from the 20 pesetas that the first issue of Geographica cost until the free distribution of its contents in its 75th edition. During that time Geographicalia has evolved defining its own personality: being an open scientific space to all geographical matters, nurturing new researchers and relying on what is close to us to reach as far as possible. In this editorial, I invite you to join me in a journey through the 46 years of Geographicalia's history to explain how we have shaped its present and, hopefully, contributed to its future.
Copyright (c) 2023 Geographicalia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
GEOVACUI-2: Citizen science and cooperative initiatives against depopulation in rural areas
The decline that characterises the demographic dynamics of many rural areas in Spain justifies the need to analyse the factors that trigger it in order to draw up proposals aimed at resolving them. In the Citizen Science projects GEOVACUI 1 and 2, a participatory approach based on the collection of information from direct testimonies of the actors living in and from the rural environment is used. The participatory tools implemented with the aim of constituting a channel for the expression of ideas have made it possible, on the one hand, to identify differentiated discourses on the productive potential of areas with critical demographic situations (GEOVACUI 1). And on the other hand, to build a repository of geolocalised information on initiatives with a positive impact on rural areas in terms of economic and social dynamisation (GEOVACUI 2). These results, in addition to those derived from the development of seminars with social agents, politicians and citizens of the rural environment, materialised in a proposal of recommendations of various kinds - thematic and territorial - for tackling the phenomenon of depopulation.
Monitoring indicators for municipal land management plan. Case of study: Rivadavia, Mendoza, Argentina
The Institute CIFOT has elaborate the Municipal Land Management Plan of Rivadavia, Mendoza, Argentina, together with the municipal technical team. This plan was developed between 2019 and 2022 and finally approved in May 2022 by Municipal Ordinance. The aim of this study is to present, on the one hand, the methodology with which the Municipal Plan was elaborated and, on the other hand, to propose a new one for the construction of indicators that could measure the annual progress in the programs and projects proposed in the PMOT at the time of applying the annual Internal Audit
The potential of conservationist use as an instrument for territorial management: a proposal
The municipality is an important unit of territorial planning and management that, despite having defined geographic limits, demands complex management work. The present work aimed to present a proposal for using the PCU methodology for territorial planning purposes, comparing it with other data that could contribute to its refinement, taking the municipality of Itaqui, RS, Brazil as a laboratory. Slope, lithology and pedology data relating to the study area, combined through map algebra, resulted in the spatialization of the PCU. The following were identified in the municipality: 0.19% of very low PCU; 4.63% low; 37.07% average; 47.31% high and 10.81% of areas with very high PCU. The smallest PCU were mostly located close to the main watercourses, while the areas with medium PCU are located in the floodplains of the main rivers. The data obtained was in agreement with pre-existing mappings, having potential for new studies, with greater refinements.
Project Management of risks and environmental changes in the Middle Ebro: river restoration and territorial resilience.
This research note characterises the project Management of risks and environmental changes in the middle Ebro: river restoration and territorial resilience. It is the coordinating project of the SEDEXCHARE macroproject (Sediment, hydrological extremes, historical-environmental changes and fluvial resilience: the river Ebro). As a whole, the aim is to build an Observatory of the Ebro River: of its fluvial functioning, its natural and human evolution, its environmental problems and its risks.
Entropy in the city of Zaragoza. cartography to analyze social diversity and intraurban residential segregation.
The measurement of social diversity and residential segregation has sparked notable interest in academic, technical, and particularly urban planning circles. However, the reliability of cartographic instruments has been conditioned by the methods and techniques of geodemographic analysis and also by the availability of disaggregated data. This article proposes innovations in the cartographic representation procedure of the entropy index (H2), a multigroup segregation index that enables quantitative and spatial analysis of the residential composition of large groups of foreign population at the block level. The map reveals intraurban contrasts in residential segregation in the city of Zaragoza, employing a multidimensional cartographic representation that combines multiple visual variables, real variables, and instrumental methods to try to understand the complexity of socio-spatial relationships at the intraurban scale.
Fire hazard trajectories under climate change and management scenarios
Research note on the FirePATHS Project - "Fire hazard trajectories under climate change and management scenarios" led by Marcos Rodrigues and funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116556RA-I00). The project aims to evaluate the evolution of fire danger under different emission concentration and forest management scenarios through the explicit interaction of the climate-vegetation-fire system. The core of the process lies in the modelling of vegetation dynamics at stand scale under different climate evolution trajectories, in order to characterise the state and typology of fuels, and the subsequent simulation of potential fire behaviour (e.g. rate of spread or intensity of burning). It is a novel strategy for assessing possible trajectories of evolution in the current context of global change, providing a vision especially focused on developing a framework for forest management aimed at mitigating fire risk. In this sense, the methodology allows assessing, among others, the potential for burning intensity, crown fire probability, derived emissions or the duration of the fire season. The ultimate goal of the project is to provide and evaluate effective forest management strategies for fire risk mitigation based on the main narratives and lines of intervention in the European context (promotion of biomass use, ecosystem services or fuel management through prescribed burning).
The theme of reflection addressed by the editorials in this issue of Geographicalia magazine is: Maps today.
Thematic maps as a representation of spatial variables: A medium available to all?
Dynamic resilience analysis of fire-affected forest landscapes using multi-sensor spectral indicators (PaF)
The project "Dynamic analysis of the resilience of forest landscapes affected by fire using multisensor spectral indicators (PaF)" with code [PID2020-118886RB-I00], was awarded in the call for R+D+i projects, modality, Generation of knowledge and Research Challenges in 2020. The main objective of the project is to design a methodology, through the identification and integration of multisensor spectral indicators, that allows for the appropriate interpretation of resilience properties, taking into account different spectral diagnostic vectors related to the structure, phenology, floristic composition and eco-physiological functions of colonising communities.
Population and social vulnerability in Spain
Social vulnerability is a multidimensional phenomenon based on the interaction of factors of a demographic, socio-economic and environmental nature. Its spatial manifestation generates different vulnerability profiles and a wide variability of resulting spatial processes. The identification of spatial patterns of vulnerability is important to support territorial decision-making aimed at reducing social inequalities, acting at different thematic and spatial scales. This paper presents the cartographic process followed for the elaboration of a map on social vulnerability in Spain in which a synthetic index of social vulnerability is represented at the scale of Basic Health Zone. The cartographic results show that the spatial distribution of social vulnerability is not homogeneous and that there are specific vulnerability profiles. These profiles are differentiated by the role -protective or risky- played by indicators on the demographic structure by sex, age and nationality and the socio-economic level of the population, depending on the territory in question.
Intra-urban cartographic reading of spatial justice and sustainability through residential and tertiary functions in the city of Santander (Cantabria, Spain).
Applied geo-demographic studies are often dependent on the availability of statistical and cartographic sources. This is especially important in detailed studies, as would correspond to intra-urban analyses and, in general, when it is intended to reveal differentiated patterns within the conventional census section. In view of this, the present contribution relies on the use of cadastral cartography of buildings, enriched by means of CAT files and population de-scaling methods at building level, implemented by means of diverse GIS analyses that reveal relevant spatial patterns capable of synthesising the orientation of the different urban pieces in relation to the residential function and the presence of economic activities. In the current context of alleged urban sustainability, with the urban agenda as a backdrop and under the elementary principles of spatial justice, the results reveal areas under-supplied with activities and areas that succumbed to central tertiarisation. The model is replicable and exportable to other case studies in Spain.
Climate and cartography of the Pyrenees: the temperature map.
This work presents a detailed mapping of monthly mean temperatures in the Pirineos, based on a large single database, with quality control and homogenized for the whole mountain range, generated by the CLIMPY-OPCC project for the characterization of climate evolution, in which the three Pyrenean countries, France, Spain and Andorra, have collaborated. The information is provided in grid mode at a daily scale of 1 x 1 km resolution, which allows a good approximation to the analysis of spatial patterns and monthly temperature variations. The map shows a set of twelve rasters reflecting the average temperature of each month of the year for the period 1981-2015. The result of the work, in addition to contributing to the knowledge of the Pyrenean climate, aims to provide tools for scientific research, natural resource management and public awareness of climate change.
Homogenization of historical series of population entities and demographic challenge: evolution of the settlements of Aragon (Spain) between 1857 and 2022.
In Spain, the concept of population entity has varied over time. This, in the historical series of entities, represents a source of noise that makes the study of long-term changes difficult. Taking the Community of Aragon as the study area, during the period 1857-2022, the series of number of entities is reconstructed and a technique is tested to homogenize it. This procedure, which takes into consideration some ideas from the Theory of Central Places, is based on the establishment of urban hierarchies based on the demographic position of the settlement within the urban system. This has allowed us to identify the type of settlements with the most variations; In addition, have a homogenized series with the evolution of the inhabited entities. Considering the changes in the habitat and the trend that each area presents is essential to address policies against the Demographic Challenge efficiently.
Informal administrative actions in the local territorial planning of Colombia: experiences in territorial governance and enviromental legal deteminants.
How the informal administrative action (AAI) is a legal mechanism of action of the local public administration that, although not regulated, allows the exercise of the public function of urban planning to carry out the purposes and functions of each jurisdiction in cases that are not contemplated by the legal system? is the question that seeks to demonstrate that the AAI gives rise to the execution of local land use planning, an objective that was worked on from the theoretical approach of administrative law as a system (Schmidt-Assmann, 2003), and from a qualitative methodology that applied the hermeneutic method, the case study, and the documentary technique on the Departmental Land Use Plans (POTD), the regulation not mediated by law to develop partial plans, the strategies for the protection of biodiversity, and the prior consultation. Among the results, the cases constitute AAI because they gather most of the elements that characterize them, and from them not only the public function of urban planning takes place, but also new legal determinants of higher environmental hierarchy are being configured.
Arnao. Origin of the industrial villages.
The area around Arnao (Castrillón, Principality of Asturias) is known thanks to the installation of the Real Compañía Asturiana de Minas (RCAM), first as a mining company and then as a zinc producer. A productive history of more than 170 years that transformed a rural environment into the cradle of the industrialisation of the Principality of Asturias and Spain. It went through several stages in terms of land occupation, firstly through the construction of the manufacturing elements, and then through the construction of various dwellings and associated infrastructures.
SCIENCE FICTION FILM GENRE AS GEOPROSPECTIVE TOOL FOR CITIES.
Science fiction film productions have become a very powerful tool to predict and illustrate societal and territorial threats and, in particular, to visualise future urban models. It is common knowledge that cinema is a powerful instrument to spread and envisage how future cities might look like. Therefore, beyond being such a great source of entertainment, there is no denying that films allow us to create and disseminate not only the main theories and complex thoughts, but also the analysis of the most accessible ideological and philosophical trends. Hence, the aim of this essay is to analyse the strong and underlying bond between human geography and cinema. For that purpose, a set of science fiction films is listed and evaluated through a geoprospective study which ultimately allows us to present a deep reflection regarding the future of our societies and its urban models, and the disagreement with the present.
Copyright (c) 2022 Geographicalia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Variabilidad espacial de la salud mental en Aragón y análisis de su asociación con el nivel socioeconómico: deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia
This is a summary of a retrospective study that analyzed the possible differences between the Basic Health Areas of Aragon as a geographical unit of analysis, on the one hand, in relation to socioeconomic level, and, on the other, in terms of the frequency of mild cognitive impairment. and dementia. Likewise, the possible relationship between socioeconomic level and frequency of the diseases described has been investigated.
En este trabajo se analiza el género de los nombres de las vías públicas de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España), dada la importancia que tienen los nombres como una manera de transmitir y perpetuar determinados valores. El análisis tiene dos vertientes: por un lado, cuantitativo, contabilizando el número de calles de género femenino y clasificándolas en función de su trayectoria vital y atributos profesionales; y por otro lado, realizando un estudio con técnica de SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica) para analizar dónde se encuentran estas vías y sus principales características. Las conclusiones más evidentes son la escasa representación de las mujeres en el callejero, con un perfil de mujeres más tradicional, y la heterogénea distribución espacial en los distintos distritos.