Los límites del enfoque mainstream para estudiar el impacto de la tecnología en el mercado laboral: la ecuación de reemplazo y las capacidades de adopción como factores clave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.10422Palabras clave:
empleo, inteligencia artificial, salarios, adopción, periferiasResumen
En el enfoque mainstream, se presenta al avance tecnológico como el principal factor para explicar el alcance de la automatización. Sin embargo, «avance tecnológico» no es lo mismo que «adopción». De hecho, en las periferias, un mayor potencial para automatizar coexiste con una menor adopción tecnológica. Para explicar esta aparente contradicción, incorporamos dos conceptos teóricos que, normalmente, no son considerados en la bibliografía relativa al futuro del trabajo: la ecuación de reemplazo marxista y las capacidades de adopción del evolucionismo. Al considerarlos conjuntamente, queda claro que la propuesta de «recalificación» como política pública para mitigar los efectos de las tecnologías basadas en inteligencia artificial es insuficiente, ya que tanto cuestiones económicas como de adopción limitan el proceso.
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