El rostro femenino de la migración: revelando las estrategias de subsistencia y las luchas de las mujeres sirias desplazadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ais/accionesinvestig.soc..20254711686Palabras clave:
mujeres refugiadas sirias, estrategias de subsistencia, migraciónResumen
Este estudio explora las estrategias de sustento, las transformaciones de roles y los desafíos experimentados por mujeres refugiadas sirias en Turquía tras la migración forzada. Utilizando un diseño cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico, capta las experiencias vividas de las participantes e identifica los factores estructurales y socioculturales que configuran sus realidades. Los datos se recopilaron de 27 participantes mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, complementadas con breves reflexiones escritas en las que enumeraron sus opiniones inmediatamente después de la entrevista para precisar sus pensamientos y añadir percepciones que podrían no surgir en la conversación. Las entrevistas, realizadas en árabe con apoyo de traductor, fueron transcritas literalmente y analizadas mediante análisis temático. Para mejorar la interpretación, los datos cualitativos también fueron “cuantificados” calculando la frecuencia de las percepciones recurrentes en el conjunto de datos. Este enfoque permitió resaltar los temas más prevalentes conservando la riqueza narrativa a través de citas seleccionadas. Los hallazgos revelaron que muchas participantes, a pesar de haber ejercido ocupaciones cualificadas en Siria—como abogada, enfermera, ingeniera o docente—pasaron a desempeñar trabajos informales, mal remunerados o inseguros en Turquía, o permanecieron desempleadas. Las barreras estructurales, incluyendo el limitado reconocimiento de las titulaciones extranjeras, los obstáculos burocráticos para obtener permisos de trabajo y las restricciones del mercado laboral, dificultaron la continuidad profesional y reforzaron la precariedad económica. Asimismo, las mujeres informaron de cambios en los roles familiares, asumiendo mayores responsabilidades económicas y menos tiempo de cuidado, junto con transformaciones multidimensionales en las esferas económica, social, emocional y cultural. Los desafíos señalados incluyeron bajos ingresos, inseguridad laboral, ausencia de redes sociales, barreras lingüísticas y exclusión legal. Los hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura sobre migración forzada y género, ofreciendo recomendaciones relevantes para el diseño de estrategias de integración inclusivas y con perspectiva de género.
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