Decisions taken by States with authoritarian governments: economic basis and perspectives on SDG 16

Autores/as

  • Armando Alvares-Garcia Júnior Universidad Internacional de La Rioja Facultad de Derecho (España)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.687

Palabras clave:

derechos humanos, Estado de derecho, ODS 16, principios económicos, Unión Europea

Resumen

En este artículo se analiza, inicialmente, la posibilidad teórica de que las expresiones «Estado de derecho» y «derechos humanos», contempladas en el Tratado de la Unión Europea, puedan ser analizadas bajo la perspectiva del análisis económico del derecho. A continuación, se centra en los principios económicos que subyacen a la toma de decisiones para apreciar, bajo esa perspectiva, las elecciones realizadas por los Estados, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (lo que podría incluir también el compromiso con relación a los ODS). A partir de ahí, el estudio se orienta más hacia el ODS 16, proponiendo este investigador, sumariamente, denominar con los términos «horizontal» y «vertical» dos diferentes percepciones básicas sobre sus tres áreas principales (paz, justicia e instituciones fuertes) y descorriendo, de forma tentativa, sobre sus posibles impactos en el ámbito del Estado de derecho y de los derechos y libertades de grupos específicos (v. g., comunidad LGBTQIA+, inmigrantes, refugiados, etc.). Se sugiere que, mientras que, en la «percepción horizontal», se presenta un rol socialmente inclusivo, la «percepción vertical» tiende a ser más excluyente. Buscando su congruencia con lo anterior, se sugiere también que una percepción sesgada del ODS 16 (asociada a la visión «vertical») podría coadyuvar a los Estados autoritarios en la exaltación de su nacionalismo, sin olvidar que el orden público internacional, muchas veces esgrimido como expresión de la soberanía nacional, puede cumplir la función de «escudo defensivo», frente a supuestas «tentativas de alteración» de los valores fundamentales del Estado y de las raíces cristianas de sus sociedades. Simultáneamente, la observación de la cotidianidad política parece sugerir que el orden público puede alterarse al gusto de los partidos políticos populistas. El resultado parece revelar una creciente dicotomía entre valores (europeos vs. nacionales), órdenes públicos (europeo, aunque incipiente vs. internacional y doméstico) y tipos de democracia (liberal vs. antiliberal). Como ejemplos incidentales e ilustrativos, se incluye en el estudio las derivas autoritarias de Hungría y Polonia.

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Publicado

05-11-2022

Cómo citar

Alvares-Garcia Júnior, A. . (2022). Decisions taken by States with authoritarian governments: economic basis and perspectives on SDG 16. Revista Iberoamericana De Estudios De Desarrollo = Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 11(2), 226–254. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.687

Número

Sección

Monográfico