Youth’s tolerance of corruption: exploring the influence of sensitivity to monetary inequity and sociodemographic factors

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.10548

Keywords:

tolerance of corruption, inequity aversion, sensitivity to monetary differences, sociodemographic variables, type of education

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between tolerance of corruption, in-group/out-group sensitivity to differences in random monetary distributions, and sociodemographic variables in young students in Colombia. The results offer evidence of a relationship between aversion to monetary inequity and a reduced tolerance for corrupt acts among young people. The design included two experiments: a corruption task (CT) and a sensitivity to difference in monetary rewards (MR) task. MR had two conditions, one implying social bias as a variable. Participation involved a sample of 220 students, ranging in age from fifteen to twenty-three, representing both public and private universities in Colombia. Participants with preferences for fair distributions had a lower tolerance of corruption. In this study, cognitive and sociodemographic factors influencing corruption tolerance among Colombian youth are identified. Likewise, the methodology used to investigate corruption tolerance is outlined and the mediating role of sensitivity to monetary differences in said acceptance is examined.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABBINK K, IRLENBUSCH B, RENNER E (2002). An experimental bribery game. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 18(2):428-454. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/18.2.428, accessed January 15, 2023.

ANDERSSON S (2017). Beyond unidimensional measurement of corruption. Public Integrity, 19(1):58-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1200408, accessed December 4, 2023.

ANDVIG J, FJELDSTAD O (2001). Corruption: a review of contemporary research (CMI Report). Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/?861=corruption-a-review-of-contemporary-research, accessed January 28, 2023.

AYALA-GARCÍA J, BONET-MORÓN J, PÉREZ-VALBUENA G, HEILBRON-FERNÁNDEZ, SURET-LEGUIZAMÓN J (2022). La corrupción en Colombia: un análisis integral. Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 307:1-45. https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/handle/20.500.12134/10302, accessed February 15, 2023.

BAHOO S, ALON I, PALTRINIERI A (2020). Corruption in international business: a review and research agenda. International Business Review 29(4):101660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101660, accessed November 2, 2022.

BANFIELD EC (1958). The Moral Basis of a Backward. Society. Research Center, Chicago (Illinois).

BAYMUL C (2019). Perceived Income Inequality and Corruption. Global Relations Forum. http://www.gif.org.tr/Documents/cinar-baymul.pdf, accessed June 17, 2023

BOUN-MY K, LAMPACH N, LEFEBVRE M, MAGNANI J (2018). Effects of gain-loss frames on advantageous inequality aversion. Journal of the Economic Science Association 4(2):99-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40881-018-0057-2, accessed May 4, 2023.

BROSNAN SF (2016). Comportamientos relacionados con la justicia y la equidad en primates no humanos. Ludus Vitalis 21(40):249-272. https://www.centrolombardo.edu.mx/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/40-13_brosnan.pdf, accessed June 17, 2023.

CAMERON L, CHADHURI A, ERKAL N, GANGADHARAN L (2008). Propensities to Engage in and Punish Corrupt Behavior: Experimental Evidence from Australia, India, Indonesia and Singapore. Journal of Public Economics 93(7-8):843-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.03.004, accessed December 4, 2023.

CAMPOS N, GIOVANNONI F (2007). Lobbying, corruption and political influence. Public Choice, 131:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9102-4, accessed December 4, 2023.

CARRASCO D, BANERJEE R, TREVIÑO E, VILLALOBOS C (2020). Civic knowledge and open classroom discussion: explaining tolerance of corruption among 8th-grade students in Latin America. Educational Psychology 40(2):186-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1699907, accessed August 14, 2023.

CHAUDHURI A, PAICHAYONTVIJIT T, SBAI E (2016). The role of framing, inequity and history in a corruption game: some experimental evidence. Games 7(2):1-24. https:/doi.org/10.3390/g7020013, accessed April 8, 2023.

COHAILA E (2020). Interpersonal trust and corruption in Peru: Structural equation modeling. Perf. latinoam 28(56):151-175. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2856-007-2020, accessed April 8, 2023.

CEPAL (COMISIÓN ECONÓMICA PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE) (2022). Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe (LC/PUB.2022/15-P), Santiago (Chile). https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/48518/S2200947_es.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, accessed March 20, 2023.

CONTRALORÍA GENERAL DE LA REPÚBLICA (2018). Grandes Hallazgos 2014-2018. Imprenta Nacional. Bogotá (Colombia).

DIMANT E, TOSATO G (2018). Causes and effects of corruption: what has the past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys 32:335–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12198, accessed January 27, 2023.

DINCER O, JOHNSTON M (2019). The search for the most CORRUPT State in the US. In L. Eileen (Ed.). Political corruption. Greenhaven Publishing, New York (US), pp. 39-48.

DOLLAR D, FISMAN R, GATTI R (2001). Are women really the «fairer» sex? Corruption and women in government. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 46(4):423-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(01)00169-x, accessed December 4, 2023.

DUERRENBERGER N, WARNING S (2018). Corruption and education in developing countries: the role of public vs. private funding of higher education. International Journal of Educational Development 62:217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.05.002, accessed December 4, 2023.

DUPUY K, NESET S (2018). The cognitive psychology of corruption: micro-level explanations for unethical behavior. Chr. Michelsen Institute. https://www.u4.no/publications/the-cognitive-psychology-of-corruption.pdf, accessed October 11, 2023.

EVERETT J, FABER, N, CROCKETT M (2015). Preferences and beliefs in ingroup favoritism. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 9(15):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00015, accessed October 15, 2023.

FAJARDO E, MONTAGUT L, ROMERO H (2021). Incidencia de los factores socioeconómicos en la calidad de la educación media regional en Colombia. Interciencia 46(3):118-125. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33966543005, accessed October 15, 2023.

FARRALES M (2005). What is Corruption?: A History of Corruption Studies and the Great Definitions Debate. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1739962, accessed December 4, 2022.

FEHR E, SCHMIDT KM (1999). A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(3):817-868. https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/114/3/817/1848113, accessed June 17, 2023.

GADDI D (2023). Corrupción, pérdida de confianza social y justicia restaurativa. Estudios Penales y Criminológicos 43:1-30. https://doi.org/10.15304/epc.43.9181, accessed December 4, 2024.

GINO F, GALINSKY A (2012). Vicarious dishonesty: when psychological closeness creates distance from one’s moral compass. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 119(1):15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.03.011, accessed July 15, 2023.

GOLDBERG F (2018). Corruption and lobbying: conceptual differentiation and gray areas. Crime, Law and Social Change 70:197-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9727-x, accessed December 4, 2023.

GONZALEZ G, BLAKE P, DUNHAM Y, MCAULIFFE K (2020). Ingroup bias does not influence inequity aversion in children. Developmental Psychology 56(6):1080-1091. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000924, accessed July 23, 2023.

GONZÁLEZ-RAMÍREZ M, MONSIVÁIS-CARRILLO A (2022). ¿Por qué la ciudadanía acepta pagar sobornos? La tolerancia a la corrupción en América Latina. América Latina Hoy, 91, 135-154. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.28059, accessed December 4, 2023.

GRAY K, WARD A, NORTON M (2014). Paying it forward: generalized reciprocity and the limits of generosity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143(1):247-254. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031047, accessed July 23, 2023.

HEIDENHEIMER A, JOHNSTON M (2002). Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick.

HIDI S (2016). Revisiting the role of rewards in motivation and learning: implications of neuroscientific research. Educational Psychology Review 28:61-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9307-5, accessed July 23, 2023.

HIGHTON B (2009). Revisiting the relationship between educational attainment and political sophistication. The Journal of Politics 71(4):1564-1576. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990077, accessed December 4, 2023.

HUTCHERSON C, BUSHONG B, RANGEL A (2015). A neurocomputational model of altruistic choice and its implications. Neuron 87(2):451-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.031, accessed July 23, 2023.

IBARRA-BARAJAS M, MORENO-SIERRA M, ROMERO-MORA S, RUBIANO-QUINTERO J (2021). Aversión a la inequidad y corrupción: estudio desde una perspectiva del desarrollo [tesis de pregrado]. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/handle/10554/58706, accessed July 11, 2023.

JAAKSON K, JOHANNSEN L, PEDERSEN K, VADI M, ASHYROV G, REINO A, SÖÖT, M (2019). The role of costs, benefits, and moral judgments in private-to-private corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change 71(1):83-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9790-y, accessed July 21, 2022.

JAIN A (2001). Corruption: a review. Journal of Economic Surveys 15(1):71-121. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1467-6419.00133, accessed December 4, 2023.

JHA C, SARANGI S (2018). Women and corruption: what positions must they hold to make a difference? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 151:219-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.03.021, accessed December 4, 2023.

JULIÁN M, BONAVIA T (2020). Variables psicológicas asociadas a la corrupción: una revisión sistemática. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology 36(2):330-339. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.389371, accessed January 5, 2023.

KÖBIS N, VAN PROOIJEN J, RIGHETTI F, VAN LANGE P (2015). Who doesn’t? The impact of descriptive norms on corruption. PLOS ONE 16(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131830, accessed January 5, 2023.

KÖBIS N, VAN PROOIJEN J, RIGHETTI F, VAN LANGE P (2017). The road to bribery and corruption: slippery slope or steep cliff. Psychological Science 28(3):297-306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616682026, accessed December 4, 2023.

LANGBEIN L, SANABRIA P (2013). The shape of corruption: Colombia as a case study. Journal of Development Studies 49(11):1500-1513. https:/doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.800858, accessed November 4, 2023.

LAUGLO J (2013). Do more knowledgeable adolescents have more rationally based civic attitudes? Analysis of 38 countries. Educational Psychology 33. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.772773, accessed July 23, 2023.

LEFF N (1964). Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption. American Behavioral Scientist 8(3):8-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426400800303, accessed November 4, 2023.

LI O, XU F, WANG L (2018). Advantageous inequity aversion does not always exist: the role of determining allocations modulates preferences for advantageous inequity. Frontiers in Psychology 9:749. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00749, accessed July 23, 2023.

LIU T, JUANG W, YU C (2022). Understanding corruption with perceived corruption: the understudied effect of corruption tolerance. Public Integrity:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2022.2029095, accessed January 5, 2023.

LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ W, ROA M, ROA D, PINEDA C, MULLET E (2016). Mapping Colombian citizens’ views regarding ordinary corruption: threat, ribery, and the illicit sharing of confidential information. Social Indicators Research 133:259-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1366-6, accessed November 4, 2023.

MAKOWSKI D, BEN-SHACHAR M, CHEN S, LÜDECKE D (2019). Indices of effect existence and significance in the Bayesian framework. Frontiers in Psychology 10:2767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02767, accessed July 23, 2023.

MANGAFIĆ J, VESELINOVIĆ L (2020). The determinants of corruption at the individual level: evidence from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 33(1):2670-2691. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1723426, accessed November 4, 2023.

MARTIN J (2018). Calidad educativa en la educación superior colombiana: una aproximación teórica. Sophia 14(2):4-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18634/sophiaj.14v.2i.799, accessed January 5, 2023.

MARTÍNEZ C, POSADA R (2022). The influence of sociocultural beliefs on adolescents’ moral and tolerance evaluations toward corruption. Journal of Research on Adolescence 32(4):1515-1529. https:/doi.org/10.1111/jora.12729, accessed November 4, 2023.

MCAULIFFE K, DUNHAM Y (2017). Fairness overrides group bias in children’s second-party punishment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 146:485-494. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000244, accessed October 15, 2023.

MCAULIFFE K, BENJAMIN N, WARNEKEN F (2022). Reward type influences adults’ rejections of inequality in a task designed for children. PLOS ONE 17(8):e0272710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272710, accessed November 4, 2023.

MEJÍA S (2016). ¿Vamos hacia una Colombia bilingüe? Análisis de la brecha académica entre el sector público y privado en la educación del inglés. Educ. Educ. 19(2):223-237. https:/doi.org/10.5294/edu.2016.19.2.3, accessed December 11, 2022.

MICHELE R, PRATS J, LOSADA I (2018). Efectos de la corrupción en los contratos de asociaciones público-privadas. Consecuencias de un enfoque de tolerancia cero. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. https://doi.org/10.18235/0001355, accessed December 11, 2022.

MIOČEVIĆ M, GONZALEZ O, VALENTE M, MACKINNON D (2018). A tutorial in Bayesian potential outcomes mediation analysis. Structural Equation Modeling 25(1):121-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2017.1342541, accessed December 4, 2023.

MOCAN N (2008). What determines corruption? International evidence from microdata. Economic Inquiry 46(4):493-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00107.x, accessed November 4, 2023.

MONTERO M (2007). Inequity Aversion May Increase Inequity. The Economic Journal 117(519):C192-C204. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4625505, accessed July 23, 2023.

MONTERO V (2017). Aspectos psicosociales de la corrupción, la violencia y el ejercicio del poder en el Perú. Revista de Investigación en Psicología 20(1):209-230. https://doi.org/10.15381/rinvp.v20i1.13532, accessed July 23, 2023.

NEILD R (2002). Public Corruption: The Dark Side of Social Evolution. Anthem, London.

NEIRA A (2018). En 2017 aumentó el abismo entre millonarios y pobres. El Tiempo, 27 de enero. https://www.eltiempo.com/economia/sectores/desigualdad-aumento-en-el-2017-y-la-brecha-entre-ricos-y-pobres-175900, accessed December 11, 2022.

NEWMAN V, ÁNGEL M (2017). Sobre la corrupción en Colombia: marco conceptual, diagnóstico y propuestas de política. Cuadernos Fedesarrollo 56. http://www.repository.fedesarrollo.org.co/handle/11445/3436, accessed July 21, 2022.

NYE J (1967). Corruption and political development: a cost-benefit analysis. American Political Science Review 61(2):417-427. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1953254.pdf, accessed November 4, 2023.

OBERLIESSEN L, KALENSCHER T (2019). Social and non-social mechanisms of inequity aversion in non-human animals. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 13:133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00133, accessed December 4, 2023.

OLKEN B, PANDE R (2012). Corruption in developing countries. Annual Review of Economics 4(1):479-509. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917, accessed November 4, 2023.

OSIFO C (2018). A Network Perspective and Hidden Corruption. Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8(1):115-136. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12697, accessed November 4, 2023.

PEARL J, MACKEZIE D (2018). The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. Basic Books, New York.

PEREIRA M, FERNANDEZ‐VAZQUEZ P (2022). Does electing women reduce corruption? A regression discontinuity approach. Legislative Studies Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12409, accessed July 23, 2023.

PERSSON M (2015). Education and political participation. British Journal of Political Science 45(3):689-703. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123413000409, accessed June 13, 2023.

POZSGAI-ALVAREZ J (2015). Low-level corruption tolerance: an «action-based» approach for Peru and Latin America. Journal of Politics in Latin America 7(2):99-129. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1866802X1500700204, accessed July 23, 2023.

POZSGAI-ALVAREZ J (2022). Corruption tolerance as a process of moral, social, and political cognition: Evidence from Latin America. Crime Law Soc Change 77:381-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-021-09995-6, accessed July 23, 2023.

QIU X, YU J, LI T, CHENG N, ZHU L (2017). Children’s inequity aversion in procedural justice context: a comparison of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity. Frontiers in Psychology 8:1855. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01855, accessed October 15, 2023.

REYES-JAQUEZ B, KOENIG M (2021). The development of a morality against power abuse: the case of bribery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 150(11):2362–2374. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000926, accessed December 4, 2023.

REYES‐JAQUEZ B, KOENIG M (2022). Greasing (small) palms: early rejection of bribery. Child Development 93(5):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13814, accessed December 11, 2022.

RINCÓN-UNIGARRO C, LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ W, GUTIÉRREZ-ROMERO M, CASTAÑEDA J, UNDA-SEGURA A, ORJUELA-GARCÍA A. (2022). The (non-)reconciliatory effect of reparations for victims of political violence: a cross-sectional study of the Colombian transitional context. International Journal of Social Psychology 37(1):144-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2021.2002059, accessed July 23, 2023.

ROBBINS P (2000). The rotten institution: Corruption in natural resource management. Political Geography 19(4):423-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(99)00087-6, accessed July 23, 2023.

SALGADO C (2004). El flagelo de la corrupción: conceptualizaciones teóricas y alternativas de solución. Liberabit. Revista Peruana de Psicología 10:27-40. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68601005, accessed March 20, 2023.

SÁNCHEZ-TORRES R (2017). Desigualdad del ingreso en Colombia: un estudio por departamentos. Cuadernos de Economía 36(72):139-178. https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v36n72.65880, accessed June 13, 2023.

SANFEY A (2007). Social decision-making: insights from game theory and neuroscience. Science 318(5850):598-602. https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1142996, accessed March 20, 2023.

SCHREUDERS E, BRAAMS B, BLANKENSTEIN N, PEPER J, GÜROĞLU B, CRONE E (2018). Contributions of reward sensitivity to ventral striatum activity across adolescence and early adulthood. Child Development 89(3):797-810. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13056, accessed October 15, 2023.

SCHULZ W, AINLEY J, FRAILLON J, LOSITO B, AGRUSTI G, FRIEDMAN T (2018). Becoming citizens in changing world: IEA international civic and citizenship education study 2016 international report. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-73963-2.pdf, accessed March 20, 2023

SKINNER G (1965). East-West Parallels: Sociological Approaches to Modern Asia. The Journal of Asian Studies 25(1):125-126. https://doi.org/10.2307/2051047, accessed March 20, 2023.

STAGNARO M, DUNHAM Y, RAND D (2018). Profit versus prejudice. Social Psychological and Personality Science 9(1):50-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617699254, accessed April 8, 2023.

STRANG S, GROTE X, KUSS K, PARK S, WEBER B (2016). Generalized Negative Reciprocity in the Dictator Game – How to Interrupt the Chain of Unfairness. Sci Rep 6, 22316. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22316, accessed July 23, 2023

TORGLER B, VALEV N (2006). Corruption and age. Journal of Bioeconomics 8:133-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10818-006-9003-0, accessed June 13, 2023.

TORNEY-PURTA J, BARBER C, RICHARDSON W (2004). Trust in government-related institutions and political engagement among adolescents in six countries. Acta Politica 39(4):380-406. https:/doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500080, accessed December 11, 2022.

TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2020). Corruption Perceptions Index. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2020, accessed June 13, 2023.

VALE G., BROSNAN S (2017). Inequity Aversion. In J. Vonk & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1084-1, accessed April 8, 2023.

VAN DUIJVENVOORDE A, DE MACKS, Z, OVERGAAUW S, MOOR B, DAHL R, CRONE E (2014). A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of reward-related brain activation: effects of age, pubertal stage, and reward sensitivity. Brain and Cognition 89:3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.10.005, accessed March 20, 2023.

VAN LEIJENHORST L, ZANOLIE K, VAN MEEL C, WESTENBERG P, ROMBOUTS S, CRONE E (2010). What Motivates the adolescent? Brain regions mediating reward sensitivity across adolescence, Cerebral Cortex 20(1):61-69. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp078, accessed October 15, 2023.

VELEZ G, KNOWLES R (2020). Trust, civic self-efficacy, and acceptance of corruption among Colombian adolescents: shifting attitudes between 2009-2016. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1854084, accessed April 8, 2023.

WAISMEL-MANOR I, MOY P, NEUMANN R, SHECHNICK M (2022). Does Corruption Corrupt? The behavioral effects of mediated exposure to corruption. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 34(1):edab031. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edab031, accessed March 20, 2023.

WANG D, LIU T, SHI J (2017). Development of monetary and social reward processes. Scientific Reports 7(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11558-6, accessed July 2, 2022.

WANG J, FU X, ZHANG L, KOU Y (2015). The impacts of moral evaluations and descriptive norms on children’s and adolescents’ tolerance of transgression. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 9(2):86-96. https:/doi.org/10.1017/prp.2015.11, accessed July 2, 2022.

WILLIAMS A, MOORE C (2014). Exploring disadvantageous inequality aversion in children: how cost and discrepancy influence decision-making. Frontiers in Psychology 5:1-6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01088, accessed April 8, 2023.

ZAKARIA P (2018). Religiosity and Corruption. In: Kubbe I, Engelbert A (eds.). Corruption and Norms. Political Corruption and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66254-1_5, accessed March 20, 2023.

ZHENG, J.D, SCHRAM, A., DOĞAN, G. (2020). Friend or Foe? Social ties in bribery and corruption. Experimental Economics 24:854-882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-020-09683-7, accessed October 15, 2022.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-06

How to Cite

Gutiérrez-Romero, M. F., Giraldo-Huertas, J. J., Alonso-Díaz, S., Ibarra-Barajas, M., Moreno-Sierra, M., Romero-Mora, S., & Rubiano-Quintero, M. J. (2024). Youth’s tolerance of corruption: exploring the influence of sensitivity to monetary inequity and sociodemographic factors. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 13(2), 120–148. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.10548

Issue

Section

Articles