El trabajo infantil como estrategia de sostén de las familias pobres en la Argentina, la necesidad de rediseñar el objeto de las políticas públicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ais/ais.200927347Abstract
La siguiente ponencia pretende discutir a través del análisis de datos obtenidos durante el desarrollo de Proyectos de Investigación Acción llevados adelante desde la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina, la necesidad de rediseñar las políticas publicas existentes en torno a la erradicación del trabajo infantil en la Argentina. En la actualidad este fenómeno social se aborda teniendo como eje de trabajo los individuos, esta ponencia propone que el eje de trabajo necesariamente deben ser los grupos de referencia de los niños trabajadores ya sean grupos de pares o familias, puesto que el trabajo infantil se gesta en una red de relaciones sociales. Siendo así si se erradica debe ofrecer otra red de contención al niño ya que la necesidad de afiliación social es uno de los derechos que como ser humano debe prevalecer. Las políticas publicas deben generar dispositivos de afiliación social que reinserten a los niños en el sistema de educación formal, para ello la educación popular es un instrumento y quizás los técnicos deban diseñar muchos más en función de las características culturales de cada población, en este sentido la antropología puede ofrecer interesantes aportes.
The aim of this research is to discuss the need to revise the current public policies on the eradication of child labour in Argentina by means of the analysis of the data obtained during the development of research projects carried out by the Universidad Nacional del Sur in Argentina. Currently, this social phenomenon is analysed from the point of view of the individual. This research suggests that the focus should instead shift to the working children�s reference groups, whether couples or families, since child labour is the outcome of a network of social relations. Hence, if child labour is eradicated a different means of contention should be offered to the child since the need for social affiliation is one of the rights which should prevail for the child as a human being. Public policies should create tools for social affiliation facilitating the child�s incorporation into the formal education system.
Popular education is a useful tool for achieving this objective, which is why professionals should design tools by taking into consideration the cultural aspects of different communities. In this sense, anthropology might offer interesting input.
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Accepted 2011-04-08