Synchronic Analysis of the Progressive Aspect in Three Varieties of Asian Englishes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20157179Palabras clave:
Asian Englishes, progressive aspect, Hong Kong English, Indian English, Singapore English, British EnglishResumen
The purpose of this study is to analyse the frequency of use of the progressive aspect in three varieties of Asian Englishes, namely Hong Kong, India and Singapore, considering British English as a point of departure. The use of the progressive will be researched in comparable corpora (International Corpus of English) considering its distribution in the English verbal paradigm and subject person, both in the written and spoken components. Main results indicate that IndE has the highest frequency of the progressive, and Hong Kong English the lowest, when non-native varieties are compared. In all cases, the progressive is more frequent in the spoken than in the written section, and it preferably occurs in the present simple tense. English varieties present significant differences regarding the distribution of the progressive by tense and subject person. Several factors are discussed as possible reasons for such variation.
Descargas
Citas
Aarts, Bas, Joanne Close and Sean Wallis. 2010. “Recent changes in the use of the progressive construction in English”. In Cappelle Bert and Naoaki Wada (eds.) Distinctions in English Grammar, Offered to Renaat Declerck. Tokyo: Kaitakusha: 148-167.
Aitchison, Jean. 1991. Language Change: Progress or Decay? Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Anthony, Laurence. 2011. “AntConc (3.2.4w)” [Computer software] Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University.
Iber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Vol. 2). MIT Press.
Collins, Peter. 2008. “The Progressive Aspect in World Englishes: A Corpus-based Study”. Australian Journal of Linguistics 28 (2): 225- 249.
Deterding, David. 2007. Singapore English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh U.P.
Elsness, Johan. 1994. “On the progression of the progressive in early Modern English”. ICAME Journal 18: 5-25.
Greenbaum, Sidney (ed.) 1996. Comparing English Worldwide: The International Corpus of English. Oxford: Clarendon.
Greenbaum, Sidney and Gerald Nelson. 1996. “The International Corpus of English (ICE) Project”. World Englishes 15 (1): 3-15.
Hundt, Marianne. 2004. “Animacy, Agentivity, and the Spread of the Progressive in Modern English”. English Language and Linguistics 8: 47-69.
Kachru, Braj B. 1985. “Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism: the English Language in the Outer Circle”. In Quirk, Ralph and Henry Widdowson (eds.) English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.: 11-36.
—. 2005. Asian Englishes: beyond the canon. Hong Kong: Hong Kong U.P.
Kachru, Braj, Yamuna Kachru and Cecil Nelson (eds.) 2006. The Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford: Blackwell.
Kortmann, Bernd, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi. 2004. “Global synopsis – morphological and syntactic variation in English”. In Kortmann, Bernd, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie and Edgard Schneider (eds.) A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter: 1122-1182.
Kranich, Svenja. 2010. The Progressive in Modern English: A Corpus-based Study of Grammaticalization and Related Changes. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Leech, Geoffrey, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair and Nicholas Smith. 2009. Change in Contemporary English: a Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Mair, Christian and Marianne Hundt. 1995. “Why Is the Progressive Becoming More Frequent in English? A Corpus-Based Investigation of Language Change in Progress”. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 43: 111-122.
Mair, Christian and Geoffrey Leech. 2006. “Current Changes in English Syntax”. In Aarts, Bas and April McMahon (eds.) The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell: 318-342.
Mesthrie, Rajend, and Rakesh M. Bhatt. 2008. World Englishes: the study of new linguistic varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Nuñez-Pertejo, Paloma. 2003. “Adjectival participles or present participles? On the classification of some dubious examples from the Helsinki Corpus”. SEDERI: yearbook of the Spanish and Portuguese Society for English Renaissance Studies (13): 141-154.
—. 2004. “Some developments in the semantics of the English progressive from Old English to Early Modern English”. Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses (17): 211-226.
Platt, John T., Heidi Weber and Mian Lian Ho. 1984. The New Englishes. London: Routledge and Kegan.
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
Rautionaho, Paula. 2014. Variation in the Progressive: A Corpus-based Study into World Englishes. PhD Dissertation, University of Tampere.
Rayson, Paul, and Roger Garside. 2000. “Comparing corpora using frequency profiling”. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Comparing Corpora. Association for Computational Linguistics: 1-6.
Römer, Ute. 2005. Progressives, Patterns, Pedagogy: A Corpus-driven Approach to English Progressive Forms, Functions, Contexts and Didactics (18). Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Sailaja, Pingali. 2009. Dialects of English. Indian English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh U.P.
Schilk, Marco and Marc Hammel. 2014. “The progressive in South Asian and Southeast Asian varieties of English–mapping areal homogeneity and heterogeneity”. Language and Computers 78 (1): 147-171.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English: varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Sharma, Devyani. 2009. “The typological diversity in New Englishes”. English World Wide 30 (2): 170-195.
Smith, Nicholas. 2002. “Ever moving on? The progressive in recent British English”. In Peters, Pam, Peter Collins and Adam Smith (eds.) New Frontiers of Corpus Research: Papers from the Twenty First International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora. Sydney 2000. Amsterdam: Rodopi: 317-330.
Smitterberg, Erik. 2005. The Progressive in 19th-Century English: A Process of Integration. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.
Swan, Michael and Bernard Smith. 2001. Learner English. A Teacher’s Guide to Interference and Other Problems. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Van Rooy, Bertus. 2014. “Progressive aspect and stative verbs in Outer Circle varieties”. World Englishes 11 (2): 157-172.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2015 Soluna Salles-Bernal
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.