Metempsicosis e identidad individual en “El gato negro”, de Edgar Allan Poe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20249739Palabras clave:
Pitágoras, Empédocles, metempsicosis, daemon, Edgar Allan PoeResumen
Pitágoras y Empédocles no suelen considerarse influencias indelebles en la obra de Edgar Allan Poe, a pesar de que el poeta alude directamente a ambos pensadores presocráticos. También resulta sorprendente que tradicionalmente “El gato negro” (1843) no se haya clasificado como un relato de metempsicosis, aun cuando la temática está claramente presente en dicha narración. Es más, el hecho de que Poe permita que la transferencia se produzca de un gato a otro, sugiere una aceptación de la controvertida premisa de Pitágoras de que la transmigración del alma no se circunscribe al cuerpo humano. Asimismo, aunque varios estudiosos han señalado la naturaleza ambivalente del daemon en otras creaciones de Poe, la mayoría de los escritos sobre “El gato negro” retratan a la criatura como inequívocamente oscura y maligna. El presente artículo la concibe en cambio como un ser ambiguo que, encarnado en un felino, resurge con el propósito de castigar al protagonista por sus viles actos. En la inquietante narrativa que nos ocupa, Poe explora de nuevo una de las cuestiones que más le obsesionó a lo largo de su vida, a saber, la posibilidad de que la identidad individual perdure tras la muerte física.
Descargas
Citas
AMPER, Susan. 1992. “Untold Story: The Lying Narrator in ‘The Black Cat’”. Studies in Short Fiction 29 (4): 475-485.
ANDRIANO, Joseph. 1986. “Archetypal Projection in ‘Ligeia’: A Post-Jungian Reading”. Poe Studies/Dark Romanticism 19 (2): 27-31. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-6095.1986.tb00173.x>.
BARKHOFF, Jürgen. 2009. “Romantic Science and Psychology”. In Saul, Nicholas (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to German Romanticism. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.: 209-226.
BEEKES, Robert. 2010. Etymological Dictionary of Greek, vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.
BURKERT, Walter. 1972. Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism. Trans. E.L. Minar, Jr. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P.
DERN, John A. 2017. “‘A Problem in Detection’: The Rhetoric of Murder in Poe’s ‘The Black Cat’”. The Edgar Allan Poe Review 18 (2): 163-182. <https://doi.org/10.5325/edgallpoerev.18.2.0163>.
EMPIRICUS, Sextus. 2005. Against the Logicians. Trans. R. Bett. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge U.P.
EMPIRICUS, Sextus. 2012. Against the Physicists. Trans. R. Bett. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb. 1970. Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre) with the First and Second Introductions. Trans. P. Heath and J. Lachs. New York: Meredith.
FISHER, Benjamin F. 1971. “Poe’s ‘Metzengerstein’: Not a Hoax”. American Literature 42 (4): 487-494. <https://doi.org/10.2307/2924721>.
FOLKS, Jeffrey. 2009. “Poe and the Cogito”. Southern Literary Journal 42 (1): 57-72. <https://doi.org/10.1353/slj.0.0050>.
FOLLESA, Laura. 2021. “Schelling and Plato: The Idea of the World Soul in Schelling’s Timaeus”. In Rees, Valery, Anna Corrias, Francesca Maria Crasta, Laura Follesa and Guido Giglioni (eds.) Platonism: Ficino to Foucault. Leiden and Boston: Brill: 256-274.
GARGANO, James W. 1960. “‘The Black Cat’: Perverseness Reconsidered”. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 2 (2): 172-178.
HERDMAN, John. 1990. The Double in Nineteenth-Century Fiction. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
HIPPOLYTUS. 1921. Philosophumena; or, The Refutation of All Heresies, vol. 1. Trans. F. Legge. New York: Macmillan.
HOFFMAN, Daniel. 1972. “The Marriage Group”. In Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe. Louisiana: Louisiana State U.P.: 229-258.
HORNBLOWER, Simon, Antony SPAWFORTH and Esther EIDINOW (eds.) (1949) 2012. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford U.P.
HUFFMAN, Carl. 2009. “The Pythagorean Conception of the Soul from Pythagoras to Philolaus”. In Frede, Dorothea and Burkhard Reis (eds.) Body and Soul in Ancient Philosophy. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter: 21-43.
KENNEDY, J. Gerald. 1987. Poe, Death, and the Life of Writing. New Haven and London: Yale U.P.
LAKS, André and Glenn W. MOST. 2016. Western Greek Thinkers, Part 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard U.P.
LEONARD, William Ellery. 1908. The Fragments of Empedocles. La Salle: Open Court Publishing.
LIDDELL, Henry George and Robert SCOTT. 1846. A Greek-English Lexicon: Based on the German Work of Francis Passow. New York: Harper and Brothers.
LJUNGQUIST, Kent. 1980. “Uses of the Daemon in Selected Works of Edgar Allan Poe”. Interpretations 12 (1): 31-39.
LOCKE, John. 1847. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Philadelphia: Kay and Troutman.
LOUIS, Ansu. 2022. “The Misdirection of Unconscious Motives in Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Black Cat’”. American Imago 79 (2): 311-333. <https://doi.org/10.1353/aim.2022.0016>.
MABBOTT, Thomas Ollive. 1978. “Introduction to ‘Metzengerstein’”. In Mabbott, Thomas Ollive (ed.) Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Belknap Press of Harvard U.P.: 15-18.
MORELAND, Clark T. and Karime RODRIGUEZ. 2015. “‘Never Bet the Devil Your Head’: Fuseli’s The Nightmare and Collapsing Masculinity in Poe’s ‘The Black Cat’”. The Edgar Allan Poe Review 16 (2): 204-220. <https://doi.org/10.5325/edgallpoerev.16.2.0204>.
MORELAND, Sean and Devin Zane SHAW. 2012. “‘As Urged by Schelling’: Coleridge, Poe and the Schellingian Refrain”. The Edgar Allan Poe Review 13 (2): 50-80. <https://doi.org/10.2307/41717105>.
NADAL, Marita. 2004. “Variations on the Grotesque: From Poe’s ‘The Black Cat’ to Oates’s ‘The White Cat’”. The Mississippi Quarterly 57 (3): 455-472.
NASH, Linda. 2006. Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
PLATO. (1892) 1920a. “Symposium”. The Dialogues of Plato, vol. 1. Trans. B. Jowett. Oxford: Oxford U.P.: 301-345.
PLATO. (1892) 1920b. “Laws”. The Dialogues of Plato, vol. 2. Trans. B. Jowett. Oxford: Oxford U.P.: 407-703.
PLATO. (1892) 1920c. “Timaeus”. The Dialogues of Plato, vol. 2. Trans. B. Jowett. Oxford: Oxford U.P.: 3-68.
PLATO. 1992. Republic. Trans. G.M.A. Grube. Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing.
PLUTARCH. 1959. “On Exile”. In Page, Thomas E., Edward Capps, William H.D. Rouse, Levi A. Post and Eric H. Warmington (eds.) Moralia, vol. 7. Trans. P.H. De Lacy and B. Einarson. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard U.P.: 511-571.
POE, Edgar Allan. 1978a. Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Belknap Press of Harvard U.P.
POE, Edgar Allan. 1978b. Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Belknap Press of Harvard U.P.
POE, Edgar Allan. 1984. “Eureka: A Prose Poem”. In Quinn, Patrick F. (ed.) Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry and Tales. New York: Library of America: 1257-1359.
POE, Edgar Allan. 1985. “Pinakidia”. In Pollin, Burton R. (ed.) Collected Writings of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 2. New York: Gordian Press: 10-106.
POE, Edgar Allan. 1997. “Robert Montgomery Bird. Sheppard Lee”. In Pollin, Burton R. and Joseph V. Ridgely (eds.) Collected Writings of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 5. New York: Gordian Press: 277.
POE, Edgar Allan. 2008. “Letters 276-302a: September 1848-January 1849”. In Ostrom, John Ward, Burton R. Pollin and Jeffrey A. Savoye (eds.) The Collected Letters of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 3. New York: Gordian Press: 685-762.
PRIMAVESI, Oliver. 2008. “Empedocles: Physical and Mythical Divinity”. In Curd, Patricia and Daniel W. Graham (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy. New York: Oxford U.P.: 250-283.
QUINN, Patrick F. (1954) 1957. The French Face of Edgar Poe. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U.P.
RENEHAN, Robert. 1981. “The Greek Anthropocentric View of Man”. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 85: 239-259. <https://doi.org/10.2307/311176>.
ROWE, Stephen. 2003. “Poe’s Use of Ritual Magic in His Tales of Metempsychosis”. The Edgar Allan Poe Review 4 (2): 41-51.
SCHELLING, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph. 1994. “Stuttgart Seminars (1810)”. In Pfau, T. (ed. and trans.) Idealism and the Endgame of Theory: Three Essays by F. W. J. Schelling. Albany: State University of New York Press: 195-243.
SHA, Richard C. 2018. Imagination and Science in Romanticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins U.P.
SHULMAN, Robert. 1970. “Poe and the Powers of the Mind”. ELH 37 (2): 245-262. <https://doi.org/10.2307/2872400>.
SILVERMAN, Kenneth. 1991. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial.
STARK, Joseph. 2004. “Motive and Meaning: The Mystery of the Will in Poe’s ‘The Black Cat’”. The Mississippi Quarterly 57 (2): 255-264.
TAYLOR, Matthew A. 2012. “The Nature of Fear: Edgar Allan Poe and Posthuman Ecology”. American Literature 84 (2): 353-379. <https://doi.org/10.1215/00029831-1587377>.
TAYLOR, Matthew A. 2013. “Edgar Allan Poe’s (Meta)physics”. Universes without Us: Posthuman Cosmologies in American Literature. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press: 27-56.
TENNEMANN, Wilhelm Gottlieb. 1852. A Manual of the History of Philosophy. Trans. A. Johnson. London: Henry G. Bohn.
TSOKANOS, Dimitrios and José R. IBÁÑEZ. 2018. “‘Such as Might Have Arisen Only out of Hell’: A Note on Poe’s Hellenic Motifs in ‘The Black Cat’”. Complutense Journal of English Studies 26: 111-120. <https://doi.org/10.5209/CJES.60036>.
VLASTOS, Gregory. 1970. “Equality and Justice in Early Greek Cosmologies”. In FURLEY, David J. and Reginald E. ALLEN (eds.) The Beginnings of Philosophy. New York: Humanities Press: 56-91.
WRIGHT, M. R. 2008. “Presocratic Cosmologies”. In Curd, Patricia and Daniel W. Graham (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy. New York: Oxford U.P.: 413-433.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Anna Michelle Sabatini
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Aceptado 2024-05-02
Publicado 2024-12-16