Prevalencia, factores de riesgo y protección y perfil de riesgo para compra compulsiva: una revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
compra compulsiva, revisión sistemática, factor de riesgo, factor de protección, prevenciónResumen
Introducción: Existen múltiples estudios que examinan las variables de la compra compulsiva (CC), pero no una revisión sistemática que los unifique. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el alcance internacional de la CC, establecer un perfil de riesgo y examinar sus factores de riesgo y protección para poder intervenir a nivel preventivo.
Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Cochrane, Web Of Science, ProQuest y Scopus, referida a los últimos 11 años y siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó entre noviembre de 2023 y mayo de 2024. Se revisaron 52 estudios internacionales, con una calidad metodológica media del 85,38% según los criterios MMAT. Los sesgos principales con los que contaron los estudios son el de selección y de no respuesta.
Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que las mujeres jóvenes son el perfil más vulnerable para el desarrollo de la CC y existen diversas variables que pueden predecir esta problemática. La CC se relaciona con la adicción a sustancias, el workaholism y los usos problemáticos de internet y redes sociales.
Discusión: Para poder estandarizar las prevalencias a nivel internacional, se debe validar un instrumento único de medición. Se deben continuar investigando los factores de riesgo ambientales así como la relación de la CC con otras adicciones. Es necesario otorgar a este trastorno la importancia diagnóstica que merece para poder prevenir su desarrollo. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de los hallazgos en cuanto al diseño de programas preventivos.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Judith Sol-Gámez, Guadalupe Molinari Conde, Andrea Vázquez-Martínez, Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco
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Aceptado 2024-10-15
