Una síntesis conceptual e histórica de la “escurridiza” periferia exurbana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020144291Palabras clave:
Exurbia, Franja exurbana, Franja rururbana, ParadigmasResumen
El esfuerzo por cartografiar los límites de las periferias urbanas requiere de una necesaria discusión conceptual previa. El presente texto tiene como objetivo principal plantear, mediante una aproximación histórico-comparativa, una definición lo más precisa de Exurbia, un linde de la ciudad particularmente complejo y poliédrico. Complejo, porque su mapeo debe reflejar una hibridación de usos de suelo urbanos y rurales, así como un enorme abanico de tipologías edificatorias. Poliédrico, porque una correcta caracterización social y económica de las franjas exurbanas de la ciudad, resulta difícil de acotar a través de criterios estadísticos o censales simples. Por tanto, sintetizar las principales aportaciones de la literatura que, desde inicios del siglo XX, tratan de explicar dicha diversidad y multidimensionalidad, supone el segundo objetivo transversal al desarrollo del artículo.
Descargas
Citas
Andrews, Richard. 1942. “Elements in the Urban-Fringe Patterns”. Journal of Land Public Utility Economics 18: 169-183. https://doi.org/10.2307/3158863
Arroyo, Mercedes. 2001. “La contraurbanización: un debate metodológico y conceptual sobre la dinámica de las áreas metropolitanas”, Scripta Nova. Revista electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 5.79-104. Recuperado de: http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/ScriptaNova/article/view/316
Balk, Helen H. 1945. “Rurbanization of Worcester´s Environs”. Economic Geography 21.2: 104-116. https://doi.org/10.2307/141064
Barrere, P. 1988. “Urbanización del campo en los países industrializados”. En II Congreso Mundial Vasco: espacios rurales y urbanos en áreas industrializadas, 59-78. Barcelona: Oikos-Tau.
Bauer, Gerard y Roux, Jean-Michel. 1976. La rurbanisation ou la ville éparpillée. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Beale, Calvin L. 1974. “Rural Development, Population and Settlement Prospects”. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 29.1: 23-27.
Beale, Calvin L. 1975. The Revival of Population Growth in Nonmetropolitan America. Washington DC: Economic Research Services, US Department of Agriculture.
Berry, Brian J.L. y Dahmann, Donald C. 1977. “Population Redistribution in the United States in the 1970s”. Population and Development Review 3.4: 443-471. https://doi.org/10.2307/1971685
Briggs, Asa. 1963. Victorian Cities. London: Odhams.
Briggs, John y Mwamfupe, Davis. 2000. “Peri-Urban Development in an Era of Structural Adjustment in Africa: The City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania”. Urban Studies 37.4: 797-809. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980050004026
Bryant, Cristopher R. et al.1982. The City`s countryside: Land and Its Management in the Rural-Urban Fringe. London: Longman.
Bryant, Cristopher R. 1995. “The Role of Local Actors in Transforming the Urban Fringe”. Journal of Rural Studies 11.3: 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(95)00020-N
Burnley, Ian H. y Murphy, Peter A. 1995. “Exurban Development in Australia and the United States: Through a Glass Darkly”. Journal of Planning Education and Research 14: 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X9501400402
Bureau of the Census. 1953. US Census of Population: 1950. Vol. II, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1. United States Summary. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
Bureau of the Census. 1964. US Census of Population: 1960. Vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Part 1. United States Summary. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
Cardoso, María Mercedes. 2018. “Territorios desiguales en el rururbano norte de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Análisis de la vulnerabilidad diferencial y de la multiterritorialidad de productores de origen boliviano”. Estudios Socioterritoriales. Revista de Geografía 24 (julio-diciembre). Recuperado de: http://ojs2.fch.unicen.edu.ar:8080/ojs-3.1.0/index.php/estudios-socioterritoriales/article/view/232/196
Castro Escobar, Edisson et al. 2018. “Paradigmas y tendencias en la organización del espacio rururbano: una revisión teórica”. Ciudad y Territorio. Estudios Territoriales L-196: 187-200.
Chueca Goitia, Fernando. 1993. Breve historia del urbanismo. Madrid: Alianza editorial.
Clark, Jill K. et al. 2009. “Spatial Characteristics of Exurban Settlement Pattern in the United States”. Landscape and Urban Planning 90.3-4: 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.11.002
Cloke, Paul. 1985. “Counterurbanisation: A Rural Perspective”. Geography 70.1:13-23.
Daniels, Tom. 1999. When City and Country Collide. Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe. Washington DC: Island Press.
Davis, Judy S. et al. 1994. “The New ’Burbs. The Exurbs and their Implications for Planning Policy”. Journal of the American Planning Association 60.1: 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369408975551
Díaz Cardesín, José María. 2018. “Historia urbana multimedia: entre los Sistemas de Información Históricos (HIS) y la realidad virtual”. Ayer 110.2: 141-175.
Dobriner, William M. 1958. “Introduction”. En The Suburban Community, ed. William M. Dobriner, XIII-XXVIII. New York: G.P. Putnam´s Sons.
Duncan, Otis D. y Reiss, Albert J. 1956. Social Characteristics of Urban and Rural Communities. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Dünckmann, Florian. 2009. “From Suburbia to Rural Backwater: Exurban Rural Development in Germany”. En Beyond the Rural-Urban Divide: Cross-Continental Perspectives on the Differentiated Countryside and its Regulation, ed. Andersson Kjell, 57-78. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Feng, Li et al. 2016. “Investigating Sprawl Along China’s Urban Fringe from a Spatio-Temporal Perspective”. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 9.2: 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-015-9149-z
Firey, Walter et al.1951. “The Fusion of Urban and Rural”. En Cities and Society. The Revised Reader in Urban Sociology, eds. Paul K. Hatt y Albert J. Reiss, 214-222. Glencoe: The Free Press, ed. 1957.
Galpin, Charles J. 1915. “The Social Anatomy of an Agricultural community”. Research Bulletin 34: 1-34.
García Abad, Joaquín y Otero-Enríquez, Raimundo. “La migración extranjera y equilibrio entre hábitats en España: una visión integral del territorio”. Comunicación presentada en el XI Congreso Español de Sociología, FES, Madrid, 10 a 12 de julio, 2013.
Goffette-Nagot, Florence. 2000. “Urban Spread Beyond the City Edge”. En Economics of Cities. Theorethical Perspectives, eds. Jean Marie Juriot y Jacques-François Thisse, 318-340. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Golledge, Reginald G. 1960. “Sydney’s Metropolitan Fringe: A Study in Urban-Rural Relations”. The Australian Geographer 7.6: 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049186008702353
Gómez Mendoza, Josefina. 1977. Agricultura y expansión urbana. La campiña del Bajo Henares en la aglomeración de Madrid. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Hall, Peter. 1966. Von Thünen´s Isolated State. An English Edition of Der Isolierte Staat by Johann Heinrich Von Thünen. London: Pergamon Press.
Janečková, Kristina et al. 2017. “Rural Identity and Landscape Aesthetics in Exurbia: Some Issues to resolve from a Central European Perspective”. Moravian Geographical Reports 25.1: 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0001
Joseph, Alun E. y Smit, Barry. 1981. “Implications of Exurban Residential Development: A Review”. The Canadian Journal of Regional Science IV.2: 207-223.
Kayser, Bernard. 1972. “El espacio rural y el nuevo sistema de relaciones campo-ciudad”. Revista de Geografía VI.2: 209-216.
Koti, Francis T. 2010. “Confronting Sociospatial Exclusion on the Fringe of Africa´s Cities Using Participatory GIS: Lessons from Athi River Town, Kenya”. Africa Today 56.3: 63-82. https://doi.org/10.2979/AFT.2010.56.3.62
Kumar, Manoj et al. 2010. “Land Use Patterns and Urbanization in the Holy City of Varanasi, India: A Scenario”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 167: 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1060-0
Kurtz, Richard A. y Eicher, Joanne B. 1958. “Fringe and Suburbs: A Confusion of Concepts”. Social Forces 37.1: 32-37. https://doi.org/10.2307/2573776
LaGro, James A. et al. 2017. “Exurban Housing Development, onsite Wastewater Disposal, and Groundwater Vulnerability within a Changing Policy Context”. Landscape and Urban Planning 167: 60-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.05.020
Martin, Walter T. 1953. The Rural-Urban Fringe. A Study of Adjustment to Residence Location. Eugene: University of Oregon.
Marx, Karl. 1859. Contribución a la crítica de la economía política. Madrid: Serie B de Comunicación, ed. 1970.
McCarthy, Kevin F. y Morrison, Peter A. 1979. The Changing Demographic and Economic Structure of Nonmetropolitan Areas in the United States. Santa Monica, California: The Rand Paper Series.
McGee, Terry G. 1991. The “Emergence of Desakota Regions in Asia: Expanding a Hypothesis”. En The Extended Metropolis. Settlement Transition in Asia, eds. Norton Ginsburg et al., 3-26. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Mckenzie, Fiona. 1996. Beyond the Suburbs. Population Change in the Major Exurban Regions of Australia. Camberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Mitchell, Clare J.A. 2004. “Making Sense of Counterurbanization”. Journal of Rural Studies 20: 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(03)00031-7
Morris, Anthony Edwin J. 1979. Historia de la forma urbana. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, ed. 1998.
Nel·lo i Colom, Oriol. 1998. “Los confines de la ciudad sin confines. Estructura urbana y límites administrativos en la ciudad difusa”. En La ciudad dispersa, ed. Francisco Javier Monclús, 35-57. Barcelona: Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona.
Nelson, Arthur C. 1992. “Characterizing Exurbia”. Journal of Planning Literature 6.4: 350-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229200600402
Nelson, Arthur C. 1999. “The Exurban Battleground”. En Contested Countryside: The Rural Urban Fringe in North America, eds. Owen J. Furuseth y Mark B. Lapping, 137-149. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
Nelson, Arthur C. y Dueker, Kenneth J. 1990. “The Exurbanization of America and Its Planning Policy Implications”. Journal of Planning Education and Research 9.2: 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X9000900201
Otero-Enríquez, Raimundo. 2017. Sociología e historia de la ciudad desconcentrada. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
Otero-Enríquez, Raimundo. 2014. “Breve historia de las periferias en España (1900-2013): conceptualización y dinámicas territoriales”. En Dinámicas territoriales en España: problemas y tendencias en la estructura y ordenación del territorio, coords. Carmen Lamela et al., 53-81. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva. Siglo XXI.
Pryor, Robin. 1968. “Defining the Rural-Urban Fringe”. Social Forces 47.2: 202-215. https://doi.org/10.2307/2575150
Queen, Stuart A. y Carpenter, David B. 1953. “The Rural-Urban Fringe from the Urban Point of View”. Rural Sociology 18.2: 102-108.
Román Lago, Isidro. 1996. “¿De campesiño a obreiro? Un intento de clasificación do campesiño periurbano”. En Historia Nova IV: Contribucións dos xoves historiadores de Galicia, coords. Santiago Nogueira Ríos et al., 203-216. Santiago de Compostela: Asociación Galega de Historiadores.
Saizen, Izuru; Mizuno, Kei y Kobayashi, Shintaro. 2006. “Effects of Land-Use Master Plans in the Metropolitan Fringe of Japan”. Landscape and Urban Planning 78: 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.12.002
Scott, Allen J. 1982. “Production System Dynamics and Metropolitan Development”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 72: 185-200.
Slinger, Vanessa A.V. 2000. “Peri-Urban Agroforesty in the Brazilian Amazon”. The Geographical Review 90.2: 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2000.tb00329.x
Smith, T.L. 1937. “The Population of Louisiana: Its Composition and Changes”. Louisiana Bulletin 293: 1-82.
Souto González, Xosé M. 1981. “Encol do traballador simbiótico ou o proceso de urbanización do campo Galego”. Revista Galega de Estudios Agrarios 5: 107-148.
Spectorsky, Auguste C. 1955. The Exurbanites. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Sutton, Paul C. et al. 2006. “Mapping ‘Exurbia’ in the Conterminous United States Using Nighttime Satellite Imagery. Geocarto International 21.2: 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106040608542382
Taylor, Laura. 2009. “No Boundaries: Exurbia and the Study of Contemporary Urban Dispersion”. Geojournal 76.4: 323-339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-009-9300-y
Theobald, David M. 2001. “Land-Use Dynamics beyond the American Urban Fringe”. Geographical Review 91.3: 544-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2001.tb00240.x
Tosics, Ivan y Nilsson, Kjell. 2011. “Why the Peri-Urban?”. En Peri-urbanisation in Europe: Towards Europeans Policies to Sustain Urban-Rural Futures. Synthesis Report, eds. A. Piorr et al., 20-24. Frederiksberg: Academic Books Life Sciences.
Weber, Max. 1922. Economía y Sociedad. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, ed. 1993.
Weerakoon, Padma. 2017. “GIS Integrated Spatio-Temporal Urban Growth Modelling: Colombo Urban Fringe, Sri Lanka”. Journal of Geographic Information System 29: 372-389. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2017.93023
Wehrwein, George S. 1942. “The Rural-Urban Fringe”. Economic Geography 18.3: 217-228. https://doi.org/10.2307/141123
Wills, N.R. 1945. “The Rural Urban-Fringe. Some Agricultural Characteristics”. Australian Geographer 5.1: 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049184508702246
Wood, Peter A. 1974. “Urban Manufacturing: A View from the Fringe”. En Suburban Growth. Geographical Processes at the Edge of the Western City, coord. James H. Johnson, 129-154. London: John Wiley & Sons.
Xu, Chi et al. 2007. “The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Rapid Urban Growth in the Nanjing Metropolitan Region of China”. Landscape Ecology 22: 925-937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9079-5
Xu, Chi et al. 2010. “Detecting the Spatial Differentiation in Settlement Change Rates during Rapid Urbanization in the Nanjing Metropolitan Region, China”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 171: 457-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1291-0
Zhao, Pengjun. 2011. “Managing Urban Growth in a Transforming China: Evidence from Beijing”. Land Use Policy 28: 96-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.05.004
